The ultimate quest for the world's most mysterious creaturesThe Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, the Abominable Snowman -- these are the names of the elusive beasts that have caught the eye and captured the imaginations of people around the world for centuries. Recently, tales of these "monsters" have been corroborated by an increase in sightings, and out of these legends a new science has been born: cryptozoology -- the study of hidden animals.Cryptozoology A to Z,the first encyclopedia of its kind, contains nearly two hundred entries, including cryptids (the name given to these unusual beasts), new animal finds, and the explorers and scientists who search for them. Loren Coleman, one of the world's leading cryptozoologists, teams up with Jerome Clark, editor and author of several encyclopedias, to provide these definitive descriptions and many never-before-published drawings and photographs from eyewitnesses' detailed accounts. Full of insights into the methods of these scientists, exciting tales of discovery, and the history and evolution of this field,Cryptozoology A to Zis the most complete reference ever of the newest zoological science.
Abominable SnowmanWhen most people ponder on the "big three" of cryptozoology, they are thinking of theLoch Ness Monsters, Bigfoot,and the Abominable Snowman. Though many assume these beasts to be mythical, a body of intriguing evidence exists for each. Of the three, the Abominable Snowman is the cryptozoological animal longest known and discussed in the West.
The more proper name isYeti,but most Westerners have been more familiar with the moniker "Abominable Snowman." "Abominable Snowman" is a phrase coined, accidentally, by aCalcutta Statesmannewspaper columnist, Henry Newman, in 1921.
It happened when Newman wrote about the 1921 sighting by Lieutenant Colonel (later Sir) C.K. Howard-Bury and his party, who saw dark forms moving about on a twenty-thousand-foot-high snowfield above their location, the Lhapka-La pass on the Tibetan side of the Himalayan mountains, and viewed them through binoculars. This is the first credible Western sighting of what until then had been mostly a shadowy tale (at least to Westerners) of strange, hairy upright creatures in Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim, Mustang, and Nepal. Howard-Bury would later, on September 22, 1921, find footprints "three times those of normal humans" at the site where the dark forms were moving about.
The Sherpas insisted that the prints were those of themetoh-kangmi,as Howard-Bury rendered it.Kang-miloosely means "snow creature." Themetohpart should have been written asmet-teh,which translates as "man-sized wild creature."
Newman's mistake was caused in part by Howard-Bury's mistransliteration of the Sherpa word. Howard-Bury did not understand that the Sherpas recognized several types of creatures; on this occasion they had used a generic, not a specific, term. The error was compounded when Newman changed Howard-Bury'smetoh-kangmitometch kangmi,which he explained as a Tibetan word meaning "Abominable Snowman."
In any case, this proved to be a pivotal event in cryptozoological history. AsIvan T. Sandersonwrote, "The result was like the explosion of an atomic bomb." The melodramatic name "Abominable Snowman" spurred gigantic press interest. Newspaper coverage multiplied as more and more expeditions sought to climb Mount Everest.
The true origin of the phrase "Abominable Snowman" has been misrepresented over the years. For example, on a 1992 episode of the television seriesUnsolved Mysteries,a well-known Irish explorer wrongly claimed that the creature got its name because of its horrible odor.
The real animal behind the name is neither abominable nor a true creature of the snows. These beasts usually appear to live in quiet retreat in the steamy mountain valleys of the Himalayas, using the snowy passes as a way to move from one spot to another, leaving behind huge mysterious footprints. They are not -- contrary to another widespread misunderstanding -- white. And they are not a single creature.
A better generic term for Abominable Snowman is the Sherpayeti,loosely meaning "that there thing." Yetis are known as huge creatures -- humanoid beasts, covered with thick coats of dark fur with arms, like those of anthropoid apes, which reach down to their knees.
A description of the reportedly three types of Yeti is discussed, in depth, within that entry.
Copyright © 1999 by Loren Coleman and Jerome Clark
Zuiyo-maru Monster
In April 1977, thirty miles off the coast of Christchurch, New Zealand, the trawler's nets of a Japanese fishing boat, theZuiyo-maru,snared a huge animal carcass of an unknown origin. The crew hauled the monstrous body out of the ocean onto the deck, and Michihiko Yano, the ship's assistant production manager, measured the creature and took some now-famous photographs. The creature was thirty-three feet long and weighed about four thousand pounds. It had a snakelike head at the end of a long, slender neck, giving it an unwhale-like appearance. Some of the crew thought it was a rotten whale, but others were not so sure. After great difficulty, the stinking Zuiyo-maru Monster was thrown overboard.
Media attention in Japan focused on the plesiosaur-like appearance of the creature. Interest inSea Serpents rose.Toys were produced of the Zuiyo-maru Monster.
But Yano had taken samples of the "horny fiber" from one of the monster's fins. Tests determined the Zuiyo-maru Monster was a decomposed basking shark, although few today know that part of the story.
Copyright © 1999 by Loren Coleman and Jerome Clark
Excerpted from Cryptozoology A to Z: The Encyclopedia of Loch Monsters Sasquatch Chupacabras and Other Authentic M by Loren Coleman
All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.
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