Elements of the P Block

by Harding, Charlie; Janes, Rob; Johnson, David

Edition: CD

ISBN13: 9780854046904

ISBN10: 0854046909

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2002-06-01

Publisher(s): Royal Society of Chemistry

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Summary

Presenting a systematic approach to the chemistry of the p Block elements and hydrogen, this book also introduces some basic topics concerning chemical bonding, such as oxidation numbers, bond strengths, dipole moments and intermolecular forces. The chemistry is illustrated by coverage of the biological role of nitric oxide and of hydrogen bonding, and the new chemistry of carbon nanotubes. Applied aspects of the topic are developed in the two Case Studies, which examine the causes and prevention of acid rain and the inorganic chemical industry. The accompanying CD-ROMs cover silicate mineral structures, the inert pair effect and a database of chemical reactions of the p Block elements. The Molecular World series provides an integrated introduction to all branches of chemistry for both students wishing to specialise and those wishing to gain a broad understanding of chemistry and its relevance to the everyday world and to other areas of science. The books, with their Case Studies and accompanying multi-media interactive CD-ROMs, will also provide valuable resource material for teachers and lecturers. (The CD-ROMs are designed for use on a PC running Windows 95, 98, ME or 2000.)

Elements of the p Block

Charlie Harding

Rob Janes

David Johnson

Introduction

(2)

Group numbers and the Periodic Table

(2)

Oxidation and Reduction

(5)

Oxidation numbers or oxidation states

(2)

Balancing redox equations

(2)

Summary of Section 2

(1)

Defining Acids and Bases

(7)

Strengths of acid and bases

(1)

The Bronsted--Lowry theory

(3)

The pH scale and acid strength

(2)

Summary of Section 3

(2)

Some Aspects of Chemical Bonding

(13)

Lewis acids and bases

(1)

The strengths of chemical bonds

(2)

Bond enthalpy terms and electronegativities

(1)

Dipole moments

(3)

Intermolecular forces

(3)

Summary of Section 4

(3)

The Chemistry of Hydrogen

(19)

Preparation and properties of hydrogen

(1)

Industrial uses of hydrogen

(1)

Hydrogen as a fuel

(2)

Atomic and ionic properties of hydrogen

(3)

The aqueous hydrogen ion

(1)

Summary of Sections 5.1--5.5

(1)

The hydrides of the typical elements

(2)

Salt-like hydrides

(1)

Macromolecular hydrides

(1)

Molecular hydrides

(1)

Trends in structure

(1)

Hydrogen-bonding

(7)

Summary of Sections 5.7 and 5.8

(2)

Group VII/17: Halogens and Halides

(24)

Industrial uses of the halogens

(1)

Properties of halogen atoms

(1)

Oxidation number -- 1: halides

(3)

The hydrogen halides

(2)

Thermodynamics of the halogen--halide relationship

(4)

Halides and oxidation numbers

(1)

Oxidizing strength of the halogens in aqueous solution

(1)

Summary of Sections 6.1--6.4

(2)

Higher oxidation states of the halogens

(11)

Halogen oxides and oxoacids

(3)

Interhalogen compounds

(1)

Polyhalogen ions

(2)

Summary of Section 6.6

(2)

Group VIII/18: The Noble Gases

(15)

The discovery of the noble gases

(2)

The manufacture and properties of the noble gases

(2)

Uses of the noble gases

(1)

Summary of Sections 7.1--7.3

(1)

Noble gas compounds

(9)

The fluorides and oxides of xenon and krypton

(3)

Other xenon compounds

(1)

Helium, neon and argon chemistry

(1)

The structure of noble gas compounds

(1)

The bonding in noble gas compounds

(2)

Summary of Section 7.5

(2)

General Observations on Second and Third-Row Elements and Periodic Trends

100

(8)

Single and multiple bonds

101

(1)

Third-row elements: a case for expansion of the octet?

102

(2)

Trends in the Periodic Table

104

(3)

Trends across the Periods

104

(1)

Trends down the Groups

105

(2)

Summary of Section 8

107

(1)

The Group III/13 Elements

108

(21)

Boron: occurrence and extraction

109

(8)

The boron atom

109

(1)

Lewis acidity in the boron halides

109

(2)

Boron and the borides

111

(2)

The boron hydrides

113

(1)

Boron--oxygen compounds

114

(2)

Summary of Section 9.1

116

(1)

Aluminium

117

(6)

Aqueous chemistry

118

(1)

Aluminium sulfate and water treatment

118

(2)

Aluminium toxicity

120

(2)

Aluminium halides

122

(1)

Two observations about aluminium chemistry

123

(1)

Gallium, indium and thallium

123

(6)

The inert pair effect

126

(1)

Summary of Sections 9.2 and 9.3

127

(2)

The Group IV/14 Elements

129

(27)

Structures and properties of the elements

129

(3)

Carbon

132

(10)

Carbides --- molecular, salt-like and interstitial

137

(1)

Oxides of carbon

138

(3)

Summary of Section 10.2

141

(1)

Silicon

142

(11)

Bonding in silicon compounds

143

(2)

Silicon--oxygen compounds

145

(4)

Halosilanes

149

(1)

Compounds of silicon with hydrogen and alkyl groups

150

(3)

Germanium, tin and lead

153

(1)

Summary of Sections 10.3 and 10.4

154

(2)

The Group V/15 Elements

156

(34)

Structures and properties of the elements

156

(2)

Nitrogen

158

(12)

Nitrogen hydrides

161

(1)

Nitrogen halides

162

(1)

Azides

163

(1)

Nitrogen--oxygen compounds

163

(6)

Summary of Sections 11.1 and 11.2

169

(1)

Phosphorus

170

(7)

The chemistry of phosphorus

171

(1)

Phosphorus halides

172

(1)

Phosphorus hydrides

172

(1)

The oxides and sulfides of phosphorus

173

(1)

Phosphoric acid

174

(1)

Compounds with multiple bonds between phosphorus atoms and from phosphorus to carbon

174

(1)

Phosphorus--nitrogen compounds: the polyphosphazenes

175

(1)

Summary of Section 11.3

176

(1)

Oxoacids

177

(11)

Oxoacid formulae

179

(1)

Nomenclature of oxoacids

180

(1)

Prediction of formulae

180

(1)

Strengths of oxoacids

181

(2)

Condensation of oxoacids

183

(5)

Arsenic, antimony and bismuth

188

(1)

Summary of Sections 11.4 and 11.5

189

(1)

The Group VI/16 Elements

190

(20)

Structures and properties of the elements

190

(5)

Oxygen

195

(3)

Peroxides

196

(1)

Oxides and the Periodic Table

197

(1)

Summary of Section 12.2

197

(1)

Sulfur

198

(12)

Sulfur hydrides (sulfanes)

198

(1)

Sulfides

199

(1)

Sulfur halides

199

(2)

Oxides of sulfur

201

(1)

Oxoacids of sulfur

202

(2)

Sulfur--carbon and sulfur--nitrogen compounds

204

(2)

Selenium, tellurium and polonium

206

(3)

Summary of Sections 12.3 and 12.4

209

(1)

The Typical Elements: A Summary of Trends in the Periodic Table

210

(9)

Trends across the Periods

210

(3)

Metals, semi-metals and non-metals

210

(1)

The structures of halides, hydrides and oxides

211

(1)

Trends in the formulae of oxides and hydrides

212

(1)

Acid--base properties of oxides and hydrides

213

(1)

Trends down the Groups

213

(6)

Metals, semi-metals and non-metals

213

(1)

Structure and bonding in halides and oxides

214

(2)

Acid--base properties of oxides

216

(1)

Special differences between the second and subsequent Periods

216

(1)

The inert pair effect

217

(2)

Learning Outcomes

219

(3)

Questions: Answers and Comments

222

(19)

Elements of the P Block

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