Identity, Ritual and State in Tibetan Buddhism: The Foundations of Authority in Gelukpa Monasticism,9780700714704

Identity, Ritual and State in Tibetan Buddhism: The Foundations of Authority in Gelukpa Monasticism

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780700714704
ISBN10: 0700714707
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2002-12-30
Publisher(s): RoutledgeCurzon
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Summary

This is a major anthropological study of contemporary Tibetan Buddhist monasticism and tantric ritual in the Ladakh region of North-West India and of the role of tantric ritual in the formation and maintenance of traditional forms of state structure and political consciousness in Tibet. Containing detailed descriptions and analyses of monastic ritual, the work builds up a picture of Tibetan tantric traditions as they interact with more localized understandings of bodily identity and territorial cosmology, to produce a substantial re-interpretation of the place of monks as ritual performers and peripheral householders in Ladakh. The work also examines the central and indispensable role of incarnate lamas, such as the Dalai Lama, in the religious life of Tibetan Buddhists.

Table of Contents

List of Plates
viii
List of Figures
ix
Acknowledgements x
Preface xii
A Note on the Transliteration of Ladakhi, Tibetan and Sanskrit Terms xxi
PART ONE: THE FACE OF MONASTICISM 1(82)
History and Authority
5(22)
The View from Above
5(3)
The Origins of Tibetan Buddhism
8(4)
Tantra and State in Tibetan History
12(12)
Conclusion
24(3)
The Face of Monasticism
27(26)
Kumbum Gompa -- A Local Monastery
29(1)
Layout of the Monastery
30(9)
Monastic Lives
39(6)
The Structure of Offices in Kumbum
45(3)
The Body and Sacred Space in Kumbum
48(5)
Reassessing Monasticism
53(30)
The Buddhist Monk as Ascetic Individual
54(7)
Monasticism and Exchange in Lingshed
61(2)
Solving the Contradiction: Gompas, Monasteries and Monks
63(3)
Households and Monastic Quarters
66(3)
Redefining Renunciation in the Tibetan Buddhist Context
69(10)
Conclusion
79(4)
PART TWO: TRUTH AND HIERARCHY IN TANTRIC RITUAL 83(62)
Iconography, Authority and Truth in Buddhist Tantra
85(36)
Introduction
85(2)
Conceptualising Reality in Tibetan Buddhism
87(4)
Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism
91(13)
Western Approaches to Tantra
104(3)
Truth and Authority in Tantric Ritual
107(13)
Conclusion
120(1)
Tantric Practice at Kumbum
121(24)
Sand Mandala Empowerments
121(8)
Hierarchy and Authority in Tantra
129(2)
Hierarchy and Exclusion in Tantric Ritual
131(10)
Conclusion
141(4)
PART THREE: LOCAL RITES 145(88)
Care and Cosmology in Lingshed
147(29)
Devotional Architecture and Apotropaic Power
149(15)
Household Care in Lingshed
164(3)
Calling in Help: the Health Care System in Lingshed
167(6)
Conclusion: Monastic Authority in the Lingshed Health Care System
173(3)
Relations with the Dharma
176(30)
Reading, Blessing and Hierarchy
177(8)
Dharma Protectors
185(4)
Skangsol Rites
189(9)
Skangsol and the Buddhist Practitioner
198(5)
Assessing Ritual Exegesis
203(3)
Pollution Concerns in Lingshed
206(27)
Pollution and Karma
206(8)
Severance
214(4)
Pollution Practices and the Passage of Time
218(3)
Purification Strategies in Lingshed
221(10)
Conclusion
231(2)
PART FOUR: AUTHORITY AND THE PERSON IN GELUKPA MONASTICISM 233(94)
The Incarnate, the Scholar and the Oracle -- Moments of Authority in Gelukpa Monasticism
235(8)
The Geshe System -- Clerical Authority within the Gelukpa
237(3)
The Balance of Power in Gelukpa Decision-Making
240(3)
Local Gods and the Embodied Person in Lingshed
243(20)
Monastic Relations with Local Gods
249(4)
Sangsol and the Monastic Hierarchy
253(1)
Local Persons and the Buddhist `No-Self'
254(9)
Characterising Incarnates
263(32)
The Rise of the Incarnate in Tibetan History
269(11)
Becoming an Incarnate
280(4)
Signs, Portents and Persons: The Presence of the Teacher
284(11)
Hierarchy and Precedent in Gelukpa Monasticism
295(32)
Lha rGyal sGan
296(2)
Great Traditions and Little Traditions in Tibetan Buddhism
298(5)
Recap
303(3)
The Limits of Clerical Authority
306(5)
Trapa and Tulku: Hierarchy, Ordination and Precedent
311(3)
Incarnates and the Constitution of Monastic Discipline
314(3)
Transmission and Imitation in Gelukpa Ritual
317(2)
Authority and History in Tibetan Buddhist Societies
319(5)
Conclusion
324(3)
PART FIVE: IDEOLOGY, RITUAL AND STATE 327(21)
Ideology, Ritual and State in Tibetan Buddhism
329(19)
Rule by Incarnation
331(4)
Feudalism and the Pre-Modern State in Marxist Thought
335(5)
Religion and Ideological Hegemony in Marxist Thought
340(4)
Ideology Upside Down
344(2)
Conclusion
346(2)
Appendix A: The Ritual Calendar of Lingshed 348(5)
Monthly Rites
348(1)
Annual Rites
349(4)
Appendix B: Ladakhi and Tibetan Spellings 353(6)
Notes 359(12)
Bibliography 371(15)
Tibetan Texts Used at Kumbum and Lingshed
371(1)
Sources in English
372(14)
Index 386

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