Myelopathy, Radiculopathy, and Peripheral Entrapment Syndromes,9780849300363

Myelopathy, Radiculopathy, and Peripheral Entrapment Syndromes

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ISBN13: 9780849300363
ISBN10: 0849300363
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-09-01
Publisher(s): CRC Pr I Llc
List Price: $172.81

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Summary

Neuro-Orthopedic Institute, Elgin, IL. Extensive diagnostic guide for neurological disorders from the 'neck down' to the extremities. Includes tables, halftone illustrations, and extensive references. Features MRIs of neurological pathology, methods of clinical and neurological assessment, and measures of therapeutic outcome. DNLM: Spinal Diseases--diagnosis.

Table of Contents

Section 1 Myelopathy: Spinal Cord Injury and Selected Clinical Syndromes
Relevant Spinal Cord Anatomy
3(20)
Basic Spinal Cord Anatomy
3(2)
Segmental Spinal Anatomy
5(1)
Regional Neuromere Characteristics
5(1)
Regional Spinal Canal Characteristics
5(1)
Meninges and Compartments
6(2)
Dura Mater
6(1)
Arachnoid Mater
7(1)
Pia Mater
7(1)
Subarachnoid Space and Cerebrospinal Fluid
7(1)
Spinal Vascular Anatomy
8(2)
Extrinsic Spinal Cord Vasculature
8(1)
Radiculomedullary Arteries
8(1)
Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries
8(1)
Intraparenchymal Vascular Supply
9(1)
The Spinal Venous Plexus
9(1)
Cytoarchitectural Organization of Spinal Gray Matter
10(3)
Relevant Spinal Cord Pathways
13(4)
Clinically Important Ascending Pathways
13(1)
Posterior Columns
13(1)
Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
13(1)
Other Ascending Pathways
13(2)
Clinically Important Descending Pathways
15(1)
Corticospinal Tract
15(2)
Nonpyramidal Tracts
17(1)
Autonomic Pathways
17(1)
Relevant Spinal Cord Nuclei
17(1)
Anatomy of Spinal-Mediated Myotatic Reflex
17(6)
References
22(1)
Pathophysiology in Myelopathy and Spinal Cord Injury
23(12)
Introduction to Pathophysiologic Mechanisms
23(1)
Cellular, Ionic, and Biomolecular Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Injury
23(1)
Free Radical-Mediated Cell Injury
23(1)
Glutamatergic-Induced Toxicity
23(1)
Cation-Mediated Cell Injury
24(1)
Programmed Cell Death
24(1)
Stages of Spinal Cord Injury
24(1)
Spinal Shock
25(1)
Spinal Cord Edema
26(1)
Ischemic Myelopathy
26(2)
Microvascular and Arterial Insufficiency
27(1)
Microvascular Perfusion
27(1)
Tempo of Cord Vascular Insufficiency
27(1)
Arterial Insufficiency and Ischemia
27(1)
Spinal Cord Infarction
28(1)
Venous Pathology
28(1)
Myelomalacia
28(1)
Cavitation and Gliosis
29(1)
Spinal Cord Atrophy
30(5)
References
31(4)
Physical Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Injury
35(20)
Spinal Cord Pathomechanics
35(1)
Types of Spinal Cord Trauma
36(2)
Spinal Cord Concussion
37(1)
Spinal Cord Contusion
37(1)
Spinal Cord Compression
37(1)
Penetrating/Transecting Cord Injuries
38(1)
Tethering and Distraction Injuries
38(1)
Vertebral Fracture, Dislocation, and Instability
38(11)
Causes of Biomechanical Instability
39(4)
Spinal Fracture and Pathomechanical Intersegmental Motion
43(1)
Upper Cervical Fracture Patterns: Fractures of C0-C1-C2
43(1)
Posterior Neural Arch Fracture of C1
43(1)
Dens Fracture
43(1)
Hangman's Fracture (Bipedicular Fracture of C2, Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of C2)
44(1)
Jefferson Fracture of the Atlas (Burst Fracture of C1)
44(1)
Cervical Fracture Patterns
44(1)
Spinous Process Fracture (Clay Shoveler's Fracture, Coal Miner's Fracture)
44(1)
Pillar Fracture
44(1)
Flexion Teardrop Fracture
45(1)
Extension Teardrop Fracture
45(1)
Fracture Patterns Occurring at any Level of the Spine
46(1)
Endplate Burst Fracture
46(1)
Wedge Fracture (Compression Fracture)
46(1)
Chance Fracture
47(1)
Neural Arch Fracture
48(1)
Spinal Dislocation
48(1)
Bilateral Cervical Facet Dislocation
48(1)
Unilateral Facet Dislocation
49(1)
Spinal Dislocation/Relocation
49(1)
Spinal Hemorrhage
49(1)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
50(1)
Epidural Hemorrhage
50(1)
Subdural Hemorrhage
50(1)
Hematomyelia
50(1)
Myelopathy and Disk Hermiation
50(5)
References
53(2)
Conditions Associated with Myelopathy
55(42)
Degeneration and Stenosis
55(7)
Spondylotic Myelopathy and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
55(1)
Prevalence
55(1)
Pathomechanisms
56(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms and Temporal Pattern of Progression
57(1)
Clinical Findings
58(1)
Diagnostic Imaging
58(1)
Differential Considerations
59(1)
Ligamentum Flavum Thickening/Buckling
59(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Myelopathy
59(1)
Hypertrophic Spinal Disease
60(1)
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
60(1)
Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Syndrome
61(1)
Expansile Lesions
62(10)
Syringomyelia
62(2)
Arachnoid Cyst
64(1)
Epidural Lipomatosis
64(1)
Spinal Cord Tumors
64(1)
Intramedullary Tumors
64(1)
Ependymoma
64(1)
Astrocytoma and Oligodendroglioma
64(2)
Hemangioblastoma
66(2)
Intradural Extramedullary Tumors
68(1)
Neural Sheath Tumor
68(1)
Meningioma
68(1)
Paraganglioma
69(1)
Epidermoid and Demoid Tumor, and Teratoma
70(1)
Extradural Tumors
70(1)
Lipoma
70(1)
Chordoma
70(1)
Lymphoma
70(1)
Lesions Arising from the Bony Vertebral Column
70(1)
Metastatic Lesions
70(2)
Epidural Abscess
72(1)
Arteriovenous Malformations
72(4)
Noncompressive Myelopathy
76(7)
Postinfectious and Postvaccination Myelitis (Transverse Myelitis)
77(1)
Infection
77(1)
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus I)
77(1)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
77(1)
Lyme Disease
78(1)
Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis)
78(1)
Spinal Arachnoiditis (Adhesive Arachnoiditis)
78(1)
Toxic Insult
79(1)
Multiple Sclerosis
79(1)
Radiation Myelopathy
79(2)
Decompression Sickness
81(1)
Electrical Injury
81(1)
Metabolic and Nutritional Myelopathies
81(1)
Subacute Combined Degeneration
81(1)
Autoimmune Myelopathy
81(1)
Paraneoplastic Myelopathy
82(1)
Degenerative Neuronal Disorders
82(1)
Motor Neuron Disease
82(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
82(1)
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
82(1)
Kennedy's Disease
83(1)
Familial Spastic Paraplegia
83(1)
Congenital Spinal Anomalies
83(4)
Spina Bifida Apertas: Myelomeningocele
84(1)
Occult Spinal Dysraphism
84(1)
Split Cord Malformation
84(1)
Spinal (Dorsal) Dermal Sinus
85(1)
Neuroenteric Cyst
86(1)
Caudal Spinal Anomalies
87(1)
Chiari Malformations
87(1)
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
87(2)
Scoliosis and Myelopathy
89(8)
References
90(7)
Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury and Myelopathy
97(42)
Spasticity, Paresis, Clonus, and Hyperreflexia
97(3)
Superficial Reflexes and Reflexes of Spinal Automatism
100(5)
Babinski's Response
102(3)
Sensory Abnormalities
105(1)
Ataxia
105(1)
Spinal Cord Injury Pain
105(1)
Lhermitte's Sign
105(1)
Neurogenic Claudication
106(1)
Sacral Sparing
107(1)
Autonomic and Other System Considerations
107(4)
Orthostatic Hypotension
107(1)
Deep Vein Thrombosis
108(1)
Autonomic Dysreflexia
108(1)
Cardiac Complications
109(1)
Respiratory Considerations
109(1)
Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction
109(1)
Sexual Function
110(1)
Skin Complications
110(1)
Psychological Considerations
110(1)
Fever
111(1)
Myelopathy and Associated Musculoskeletal Conditions
111(1)
Contractures
111(1)
Articular Subluxation
111(1)
Heterotopic Ossification
112(1)
Osteoporosis
112(1)
Neuropathic Arthropathy
112(1)
Electrodiagnostic Assessment
112(4)
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
113(1)
Motor Evoked Potentials
113(2)
Late Responses
115(1)
Needle Electromyography
116(1)
Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies
116(1)
Motor Nerve Conduction Studies
116(1)
Diagnostic Imaging
116(5)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
116(1)
Rapid MR Sequencing
117(1)
Turbo Echo MR Sequences
117(1)
Inversion Recovery
118(1)
Contrast Enhancement
118(1)
Kinematic MRI
118(1)
Functional MRI
119(1)
Magnetization Transfer
119(1)
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
119(1)
MR Spectroscopy
119(1)
Three-Dimensional Imaging (Reconstruction)
120(1)
MR Angiography
120(1)
MR Myelography
120(1)
Interventional MRI
120(1)
Neurosonography
121(1)
Intraoperative Spinal Sonography
121(1)
Computed Tomography
121(1)
CT/Myelography
121(1)
Helical CT (Spiral CT)
121(1)
Plain-Film Radiography
121(1)
Quantitative Considerations in Spinal Cord Imaging
122(3)
Central Spinal Canal Measurements
122(1)
Spinal Instability and Vertebral Translation
123(1)
Classifications of Spinal Cord Compression
123(1)
Spinal Cord Cross-Sectional Size and Area
124(1)
Intrinsic Cord Dysmorphism
124(1)
Intramedullary Signal Patterns
125(1)
Functional and Laboratory Assessment
125(14)
Pulmonary Function
125(1)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Evaluation
126(1)
Amniocentesis
126(2)
Blood and Serum Studies
128(1)
Genetic Assessment
128(1)
Bladder Function
129(1)
Cystourethrography
129(1)
Cystometry
129(1)
Electrodiagnostic Studies of Bladder Function
129(1)
Uroflowometry
130(1)
Physical Impairment Assessment
130(1)
Frankel Classification
130(1)
ASIA/IMSOP Scale
130(1)
Benzel and Larson Scale
130(1)
Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Score
130(1)
Range of Motion (ROM)
130(1)
Gait
130(2)
Muscular Performance
132(1)
Sensibility
133(1)
Balance
133(1)
References
133(6)
Spinal Cord Syndromes and Guide to Neurological Levels
139(22)
Vascular Syndromes of the Spinal Cord
139(1)
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome
139(1)
Posterior Spinal Artery Syndrome (PSAS)
139(1)
Radiculomedullary Artery Syndrome (RAS)
139(1)
Central Cord Vascular Syndrome (CCVS)
139(1)
Complete Spinal Cord Transection (Transverse Myelopathy)
140(2)
Central Cord Syndrome
142(1)
Anterior Cord Syndrome
143(1)
Posterior Cord Syndrome
143(2)
Posterolateral Cord Syndrome
144(1)
Anterior Horn Syndrome (Progressive Muscular Atrophy)
145(1)
Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome
145(1)
Combined Anterior Horn and Pyramidal Tract Disease (Motor Neuron Syndrome)
145(1)
Multifocal Cord Syndrome
146(1)
Conus Medularis Syndrome
146(3)
Hemisection Syndrome (Brown-Sequard Syndrome
149(1)
Cervical Medullary Syndrome
149(2)
Guide to Neurological Levels
151(10)
Cranial-Cervical Lesions (Foramen Magnum Lesions)
151(1)
Cervical Lesions
152(1)
Intact C3 Neurologic Level (C3 Functional Level)
152(1)
Intact C4 Neurologic Level (C4 Functional Level)
152(1)
Intact C5 Neurologic Level (C5 Functional Level)
152(1)
Intact C6 Neurologic Level (C6 Functional Level)
153(1)
Intact C7 Neurologic Level (C7 Functional Level)
153(1)
Intact C8 and T1 Neurologic Levels (C8 and T1 Functional Levels)
153(1)
Thoracic-Intact Lesions (Mid-Thoracic Functional Levels)
154(1)
Intact T12 Neurologic Level (T12 Functional Level)
154(1)
Lumber Transection Injuries
154(1)
Intact L1 Neurologic Level (L1 Functional Level)
154(1)
Intact L2 Neurologic Level (L2 Functional Level)
154(1)
Intact L3 Neurologic Level (L3 Functional Level)
154(1)
Intact L4 Neurologic Level (L4 Functional Level)
154(1)
Intact L5 Neurologic Level (L5 Functional Level)
155(1)
Sacral Transection Injuries
155(1)
Intact S1 Neurologic Level (S1 Functional Level)
155(1)
Intact S2 Neurologic Level and Below
155(2)
References
157(4)
Section 2 Radiculopathy
Pathomechanisms of Radiculopathy
161(40)
Spinal Nerve Root Anatomy and Regional Characteristics
161(9)
Intervertebral Foramen Anatomy
163(2)
Anatomy of the Dural Sleeve and Peripheral Nerve Junction
165(1)
Blood Supply of the Spinal Nerve Root
166(1)
The Dorsal Root Ganglia
166(1)
Pathophysiology of Nerve Root Compression
167(1)
Sites of Nerve Root Vulnerability
168(1)
Pathomechanics Affecting the Nerve Root Complex
169(1)
Nerve Root Double Crush
169(1)
Biochemically Induced Radiculopathy
170(1)
Spinal Degeneration and Radiculopathy
171(1)
Rostrocaudal Subluxation
172(1)
Fibrosis and Radiculopathy
172(1)
Arachnoiditis and Radiculopathy
173(1)
Acquired Lateral Recess Stenosis and Vascular Stasis
173(2)
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
175(1)
Trauma and Radiculopathy
176(1)
Nerve Root Avulsion
177(1)
Intervertebral Disk Herniation and Radiculopathy
177(6)
Experimental Mechanism of Disk Herniation
177(1)
Conventional Classification of Disk Lesions
178(1)
Annular Bulge (Disk Bulge)
178(2)
Disk Protrusion (Herniation)
180(1)
Disk Extrusion
180(2)
Free Disk Fragment (Sequestered Disk)
182(1)
Nerve Root Compromise: Expansile Lesions
183(7)
Schwannoma
183(3)
Neurofibroma
186(2)
Meningioma
188(1)
Perineurial Cysts (Tarlov's Cysts)
189(1)
Synovial Cysts
189(1)
Metastatic Disease
189(1)
Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Discitis
190(1)
Spondylolisthesis and Radiculopathy
190(3)
Noncompressive Radiculoneuronopathy
193(8)
Diabetic Radiculopathy
193(1)
Infection
194(1)
Herpes Varicella-Zoster Virus (Shingles)
194(1)
AIDS-Related Polyradiculopathy
194(1)
Lyme Disease
194(1)
Coagulopathies
195(1)
References
195(6)
Classic Signs and Symptoms of Radiculopathy
201(52)
Sensory Abnormalities
201(1)
Nerve Root Irritability Signs
201(3)
Reflex Abnormalities
204(1)
Paresis
205(1)
Muscular Atrophy
206(1)
Dysautonomia and Trophic Changes
206(1)
Combined Pain Syndromes: Radicular and Vertebrogenic Pain
207(2)
Radiculopathic and Vertebrogenic Symptoms Resembling Visceral Pain
209(1)
Assessment of Radiculopathy
209(14)
Electrodiagnosis and Radiculopathy
209(1)
Needle Electromyographic Evaluation
209(1)
Muscles with Segmental Localizing Significance
210(1)
The Chronology of Electrophysiologic Abnormalities in Radiculopathy
210(2)
Radiculopathy and Postsurgical EMG Findings
212(1)
Late Reflexes
212(1)
H-reflex
213(1)
F-wave
213(1)
T-reflex
214(1)
Nerve Conduction Studies
215(1)
Motor Nerve Conduction Studies
215(1)
Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies
215(2)
Somatosensory and Dermatomal Evoked Potentials
217(1)
Mixed Nerve Stimulation
217(1)
Dermatomal Stimulation
217(1)
Radiculopathy and Functional Capacity Evaluation
218(2)
MRI of Disk, Nerve Root, Venous Plexus, and Muscle
220(1)
Disk Herniation
220(1)
Contrast Enhancement of the Spinal Nerve Root
221(1)
Enhancement of the Epidural Venous Plexus
221(1)
MRI of Muscular Atrophy
222(1)
Cervical Monoradiculopathy Syndromes
223(10)
C1 Radiculopathy
223(1)
C2 Radiculopathy
223(1)
C3 Radiculopathy
224(1)
C4 Radiculopathy
224(1)
C5 Radiculopathy
224(5)
C6 Radiculopathy
229(2)
C7 Radiculopathy
231(1)
C8 Radiculopathy
231(2)
Thoracic Monoradiculopathy Syndromes
233(2)
T1 Radiculopathy
233(1)
T2-T12 Radiculopathy
233(2)
Lumbar and Sacral Monoradiculopathy Syndromes
235(10)
Anatomic Variations of the Lumbosacral Nerve Roots
236(1)
L1 Radiculopathy
237(1)
L2 Radiculopathy
238(1)
L3 Radiculopathy
239(1)
L4 Radiculopathy
240(2)
L5 Radiculopathy
242(1)
S1 Radiculopathy
243(2)
S2-S5 Radiculopathy
245(1)
Cauda Equina Syndrome
245(8)
High Lesion within the Cauda Equina
246(1)
References
247(6)
Section 3 Peripheral Nerve Entrapment and Compression Neuropathy
Relevant Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Predisposing Factors for Peripheral Nerve Injury
253(28)
General Organization of Peripheral Nerve Distribution
253(1)
Posterior Primary Divisions
253(1)
General Organization of Plexuses
254(1)
Cervical Plexus
254(1)
Cervical Plexus: Sensory Innervation to the Head and Neck
254(1)
Cervical Plexus: Sensory Innervation to the Neck and Shoulders
254(1)
Cervical Plexus in Relationship to Cranial Nerves
254(1)
Motor Fibers within the Cervicobrachial Plexus
255(1)
Brachial Plexus
255(2)
Nerves Arising Directly from the Nerve Roots or the Brachial Plexus
256(1)
Nerve Branches Arising from the Upper Trunk
257(1)
Nerves Formed with Contributions from Both the Medial and Lateral Cords
257(1)
Lumbar Plexus
257(2)
Lumbosacral Plexus
259(2)
Autonomic Nervous System
261(1)
Relevant Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerve
261(3)
Peripheral Nerve Vascularity
264(2)
Biomechanical Characteristics of Peripheral Nerves
266(1)
Classification of Nerve Injuries
266(2)
Physiologic Conduction Block
266(1)
Neurapraxia
266(1)
Axongotmesis
267(1)
Neurotmesis
268(1)
Peripheral Nerve Response to Injury
268(2)
Wallerian Degeneration
268(1)
Axonal Regeneration
269(1)
Nerve Compression and Related Pathomechanisms
270(3)
Compromised Axonal Transport
271(1)
The Double Crush Syndrome or Whole Nerve Syndrome
271(2)
Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD)
273(1)
Myotendinous, Myofascial, and Related Contributions to Entrapment
273(2)
Acute Myofascial Injury
273(1)
Chronic Injuries
273(1)
Constant Pressure/Tension Injury
273(1)
Repetitive Injury
273(1)
The Cumulative Injury Cycle
274(1)
Weak and Tight Trissues
274(1)
Friction-Pressure-Tension
274(1)
Decreased Circulation, Edema
274(1)
Inflammation
275(1)
Common Predisposing Disorders Associated with Entrapment Neuropathy
275(6)
General Patterns of Anatomic Distribution
276(1)
Diabetes
277(1)
Uremia
277(1)
Thyroid Disorders
277(1)
HIV-I
278(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
278(1)
Respiratory Insufficiency
278(1)
References
278(3)
Characteristic Signs and Symptoms of Entrapment
281(60)
Assessment of Entrapment Syndromes
281(4)
History
281(1)
Examination
281(1)
Nerve Percussion Sign
282(1)
Electrodiagnostic Findings
283(1)
Entrapment Syndromes Overview
284(1)
Proximal Upper Extremity Entrapment
285(7)
Cervicoaxillary Entrapment Syndromes (Thoracic Outlet Syndrome)
285(2)
Scalene Entrapment Syndrome
287(1)
Other Causes of Proximal Plexus Entrapment
288(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
289(1)
Costoclavicular Entrapment Syndrome
289(1)
Costopectoral Tunnel or Hyperabduction Syndrome
290(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
290(1)
Axillary Tunnel Entrapment
290(1)
Electrodiagnostic Evaluation
291(1)
Long Thoracic Nerve Entrapment (Scapular Winging)
291(1)
Quadrangular (Quadrilateral) Space Syndrome (Lateral Axillary Hiatus Syndrome)
291(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
292(1)
Lateral Antebrachial Symptoms: Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve/Musculocutaneous Nerve Entrapment
292(1)
Median Nerve Entrapment Syndromes
292(11)
Supracondylar Process Syndrome
292(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
293(1)
Pronator Teres Muscle Syndrome
293(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
294(1)
Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
295(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
295(1)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
296(1)
Prevalence
297(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
297(2)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
299(2)
Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
301(2)
Diagnostic Imaging
303(1)
Posterior Upper Extremity Syndromes
303(7)
Suprascapular Nerve Syndrome
303(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
304(1)
Lateral Intermuscular Septum/Radial Nerve
305(1)
Brachialis/Brachioradialis/Radial Nerve
306(1)
Arcade of Frohse/Deep Radial Nerve
306(3)
Distal Superficial Radial Nerve Entrapment/Cheiralgia Paresthetica
309(1)
Ulnar Nerve Syndromes
310(4)
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
310(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
311(1)
Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Ulnar Entrapment at the Elbow
311(1)
Diagnostic Imaging
311(1)
Guyon's Canal Syndrome/Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome
311(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
311(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
312(2)
Abdominal/Pelvic Entrapment Syndromes
314(3)
Lower Extremity Entrapment Syndromes
317(17)
Psoas Entrapment Syndrome/Iliacus Entrapment Syndrome
317(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
317(2)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
319(1)
Meralgia Paresthetica/Inguinal Tunnel Syndrome (Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Entrapment)
320(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
320(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
321(1)
Obturator Nerve Entrapment
321(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
322(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
322(1)
Iliolumbar-Lumbosacral Ligament Entrapment/Lumbosacral Tunnel Syndrome
322(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
322(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
323(1)
Piriformis Syndrome
323(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
323(2)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
325(1)
Saphenous Nerve Syndrome/Adductor Tunnel Syndrome
325(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
325(2)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
327(1)
Peroneal Tunnel Syndrome/Entrapment at the Knee and Fibular Neck
327(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
327(2)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
329(1)
Electrodiagnostic Evaluation
329(1)
Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome/Deep Peroneal Nerve Syndrome
329(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
329(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
330(1)
Medical Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
331(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
331(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
332(1)
Morton's Neuroma (Metatarsalgia)
333(1)
Anatomy and Pathomechanics
333(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
334(1)
Summary
334(7)
References
334(7)
Section 4 Appendix 341(8)
Index 349

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