The Physiology of Crop Yield

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Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-11-17
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
List Price: $140.54

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Summary

First published in 1989, Physiology of Crop Yield was the first student textbook to digest and assimilate the many advances in crop physiology, within a framework of resource capture and use. Retaining the central core of the first edition, this long-awaited second edition draws on recent developments in areas such as phenology, canopy dynamics and crop modelling, and the concepts of sustainable crop production. A broad perspective is developed, from the gene through the plant and crop to the ecosystem, covering: Advances in molecular biology relating to crop science Limitation of crop yield by the supply of water or nitrogen Global climate change and its impact on crop modelling Physiological aspects of crop quality A wider range of species, with emphasis on wheat, maize and soybean This book will be a valuable tool for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of agricultural science, plant science, applied ecology and environmental science. It will be an essential addition to all libraries in universities and relevant research establishments.

Author Biography

Robert K M Hay was, until 2004, director of the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency. He is currently Visiting Professor in the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.



John R Porter is Professor of Agroecology at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Denmark and was formerly President of the European Society for Agronomy.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
Copyright acknowledgements xi
Introduction
1(6)
Development and phenology
7(28)
Crop development: concepts and tools
8(14)
Growth stages and phasic development
9(2)
Events at the stem apex: the leek as a simple model species
11(2)
Events at stem apices: branching and reproductive development in wheat
13(2)
Events at stem apices: the consequences of separation of male and female organs in maize
15(3)
Phenology determined by events at axillary meristems: determinate and indeterminate soybean varieties
18(3)
Components of yield
21(1)
Case histories: the influence of environment and management on crop development and phenology
22(13)
Convergence and synchrony: the influence of sowing date on winter wheat in Northern Europe
22(3)
Crop improvement and the anthesis--silking interval in maize
25(1)
Adaptation of soybean to different latitudes: phasic analysis of the photoperiodic control of flowering
26(4)
Development in storage: physiological age and tuber initiation in the potato
30(2)
Complementary phenologies and plant habits in mixed cropping: temperate grass/clover swards
32(3)
Interception of solar radiation by the canopy
35(38)
The life history of a leaf
35(5)
The components of plant leaf area expansion
40(13)
Crop emergence
40(1)
Leaf production
41(2)
Leaf expansion
43(4)
Branching
47(3)
Senescence, removal and damage -- leaf lifespan
50(3)
The development of the crop canopy: leaf area index
53(7)
Seasonal development of leaf area index
53(2)
Leaf area index and crop management
55(5)
Canopy architecture and the interception of solar radiation
60(13)
Seasonal patterns of interception
60(1)
Optimum and critical leaf area indices
61(2)
Leaf photosynthesis and canopy properties
63(3)
Canopy extinction coefficient
66(7)
Photosynthesis and photorespiration
73(44)
Introduction
73(2)
Photosynthetic efficiency
75(5)
Photosynthetic processes
80(19)
Photosynthesis as a cellular biochemical process
80(9)
Photosynthesis as a leaf diffusive process
89(6)
Photosynthesis as a crop canopy process
95(4)
The C4 photosynthesis mechanism
99(5)
Water shortage and photosynthesis
104(5)
Nitrogen effects on photosynthesis
109(3)
Ozone effects on photosynthesis and crop productivity
112(5)
The loss of CO2: respiration
117(28)
Introduction
117(3)
The basis of crop respiration
120(3)
Growth and maintenance respiration
123(3)
The respiration of different plant substrates
126(4)
Growth and maintenance respiration in the field
130(4)
Respiration associated with crop processes
134(6)
Environmental effects on respiration
140(2)
Crop respiration in the future
142(3)
The partitioning of dry matter to harvested organs
145(35)
The processes and pathways of assimilate partitioning
145(3)
Ontogeny and assimilate partitioning: a survey of source/sink relationships
148(3)
Time courses of dry matter partitioning: harvest index
151(2)
Limitation of yield by source or sink
153(4)
Sink limitation of yield in cereals -- physiology of ineffective grain setting
157(5)
Assimilate partitioning and crop improvement: historic trends in harvest index of wheat and barley
162(3)
Assimilate partitioning and crop improvement: historic trends in harvest index of maize
165(2)
Assimilate partitioning to potato tubers
167(4)
Assimilate partitioning in grassland: implications for management of grass yield
171(5)
Assimilate partitioning in grassland: implications for the overwintering and early growth of white clover
176(2)
Assimilate partitioning in diseased plants: temperate cereals affected by biotrophic fungal pathogens
178(2)
Limiting factors and the achievement of high yield
180(25)
Limitation by water supply
181(12)
Acquisition of water
182(4)
Water use efficiency
186(4)
Crop yield where water supply is limiting
190(3)
Limitation by nitrogen supply
193(9)
Acquisition of nitrogen
193(3)
Nitrogen use efficiency
196(4)
Crop yield where N supply is limiting
200(2)
Achieving high yield: resource capture and assimilate partitioning
202(3)
Physiology of crop quality
205(17)
Wheat: protein content
206(3)
Soybean: oil and protein contents
209(3)
Oilseed rape: glucosinolates and erucic acid
212(3)
Potato: tuber size and processing quality
215(2)
The quality of conserved forages: ontogeny and yield
217(5)
The simulation modelling of crops
222(42)
Introduction
222(3)
Building a crop model
225(2)
Crop models of wheat (AFRC2), soybean (CROPGRO) and maize
227(30)
The AFRC2 wheat model
228(15)
The CROPGRO soybean model
243(10)
The maize model
253(4)
Modelling variety differences and traits
257(4)
Conclusions
261(3)
Crop physiology: the future
264(13)
Introduction
264(1)
Lowering inputs
265(2)
Climate change
267(2)
Quality
269(1)
New crops
270(2)
The potential for increasing crop photosynthesis and yield
272(3)
The last words
275(2)
References 277(32)
Index 309

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