
Practical Guide to MIMO Radio Channel with MATLAB Examples
by Brown, Tim; Kyritsi, Persefoni; De Carvalho, ElizabethBuy New
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Summary
Author Biography
Dr Persefoni Kyritsi, Aalborg University, Denmark has worked in wireless communications for Lucent Technologies Bell Labs, in wireline communications for Deutsche Telekom, Frankfurt, and in circuit design for Intel Corporation and the Nokia Research Center, Helsinki- Finland. In 2001 she joined Aalborg University as an assistant research professor. From September 2003 until August 2005, she was a visiting researcher at the Department of Mathematics, Stanford University. Since September 2005, she holds the position of Assistant Professor at the Antennas, Propagation and Radio Networking Section at Aalborg University
Dr Elisabeth De Carvalho, Aalborg University was a post-doc at Stanford University, USA in 1999-2001. In 2001-2005, she worked in 2 start-ups in the USA and France. She also held short-term positions at Deutsche Telekom, and Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs, USA. She has worked on several aspects of wireless communications (GSM, CDMA, OFDM, wireless LANs, IEEE 802.16) and wireline communications (xDSL). In 2005, she joined Aalborg University as an Associate Professor. She has managed a project in collaboration with Samsung Electronics, Korea including 20 researchers and focusing mainly on MIMO and relay communications.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xi |
List of Abbreviations | p. xiii |
List of Symbols | p. xvii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
From SISO to MISO/SIMO to MIMO | p. 2 |
Single Input Single Output SISO | p. 2 |
Single Input Multiple Output, SIMO, and Multiple Input Single Output, MISO | p. 3 |
Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO | p. 6 |
What Do We Need MIMO For? | p. 7 |
The Single User Perspective | p. 8 |
The Multiple User Perspective | p. 8 |
How Does MIMO Work? Two Analogies | p. 10 |
The Single User Perspective | p. 10 |
The Multiple User Perspective | p. 12 |
Conditions for MIMO to Work | p. 13 |
How Long Has MMO Been Around? | p. 14 |
Where is MIMO Being Used? | p. 15 |
Purpose of the Book | p. 16 |
Capacity of MEMO Channels | p. 17 |
Some Background on Digital Communication Systems | p. 18 |
Generation of Digital Signals | p. 18 |
Conversion/Formatting for Transmission | p. 19 |
Complex Baseband Representation | p. 19 |
Decoder | p. 19 |
Notion of Capacity | p. 20 |
Abstract Communication System | p. 20 |
Definition of Capacity | p. 22 |
Capacity Achieving Transceivers | p. 23 |
Channel State Information and Fading | p. 24 |
Fast and Slow Fading | p. 24 |
Channel State Information | p. 26 |
Narrowband MIMO Model | p. 27 |
Capacity of the Time-Invariant Channel | p. 28 |
Capacity of the Time-Invariant SISO Channel | p. 29 |
Time-Invariant SIMO Channel | p. 30 |
Time-Invariant MISO Channel | p. 32 |
Time-Invariant MIMO Channel: A Set of Parallel Independent AWGN Channels | p. 34 |
Maximal Achievable Rate for Fixed Input Covariance Matrix | p. 43 |
Fast Fading Channels with CSIT Distribution: Ergodic Capacity | p. 46 |
Ergodic Capacity: Basic Principles | p. 47 |
Fast Fading SISO Channel with CSIT Distribution | p. 47 |
Fast Fading SIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution | p. 48 |
Fast Fading MISO Channel with CSIT Distribution | p. 49 |
Fast Fading MIMO Channels with CSIT Distribution | p. 49 |
Slow Fading Channel with CSIT Distribution: Outage Probability and Capacity with Outage | p. 54 |
Outage: Basic Principles | p. 55 |
Diversity to Improve Communication Reliability | p. 57 |
Slow Fading SISO Channels with CSIT Distribution | p. 58 |
Slow Fading SIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution: Receive Diversity | p. 60 |
Slow Fading MISO Channel with CSIT Distribution: Transmit Diversity | p. 60 |
Slow Fading MIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution | p. 62 |
Chapter Summary Tables | p. 67 |
Further Reading | p. 73 |
MTMO Transceivers | p. 75 |
MTMO Receivers | p. 76 |
General MIMO Architecture | p. 76 |
Maximum Likelihood Receiver | p. 78 |
Classes of Receivers Considered in the Chapter | p. 78 |
Spatial Matched Filtering | p. 80 |
Zero Forcing Receiver | p. 86 |
MMSE Receiver | p. 92 |
SIC Receiver and V-Blast | p. 97 |
Performance | p. 103 |
Transceivers with CSI at Transmitter and Receiver: Transmit and Receive Beamforming | p. 108 |
Principle of Beamforming | p. 108 |
Multiple Transmit and Receive Beams | p. 109 |
Transmit Beamforming (MISO System) | p. 111 |
Receive Beamforming (SIMO) | p. 112 |
Single Beam MIMO: Maximal Eigenmode Beamforming | p. 113 |
Eigenmode Transmission | p. 114 |
Performance of Beamforming Schemes | p. 118 |
Space-Time Block Codes | p. 122 |
Orthogonal Design for a 2 × 1 MISO System: Alamouti STBC | p. 123 |
STBC for More than Two Transmit Antennas | p. 128 |
D-Blast | p. 133 |
Diagonal Encoding | p. 133 |
Diagonal Decoding | p. 134 |
D-Blast: Outage Optimal | p. 135 |
Performance Gains | p. 135 |
Error Propagation | p. 136 |
Numerical Evaluations: Comparison of D-Blast with STBC | p. 136 |
Chapter Summary Tables | p. 138 |
Further Reading | p. 143 |
MEMO Channel Models | p. 145 |
SISO Models and Channel Fundamentals | p. 146 |
Models for the Prediction of the Power | p. 146 |
Models for the Prediction of the Temporal Variation of the Channel | p. 152 |
Narrowband and Wideband Channels | p. 160 |
Polarisation | p. 166 |
Summaiy of Parameters Required for SISO Channel Modelling | p. 167 |
Challenges in MIMO Channel Modelling | p. 167 |
Deterministic Models | p. 169 |
Stochastic Models | p. 111 |
Summary | p. 190 |
MTMO Antenna Design | p. 193 |
Antenna Element Fundamentals | p. 194 |
Isotropic Radiator | p. 194 |
Directivity and Gain | p. 195 |
Far Field and Rayleigh Distance | p. 196 |
Three Dimensional Antenna Patterns | p. 197 |
Impedance and Return Loss | p. 198 |
Reciprocity | p. 199 |
Antenna Polarisation | p. 199 |
Mean Effective Gain | p. 202 |
Single Antenna Design | p. 205 |
Designing Array Antennas for MIMO | p. 207 |
Spatial Correlation | p. 207 |
Angular and Polarised Correlation | p. 209 |
Impact of Nonuniform Angles of Arrival | p. 211 |
Impact of Antenna Design on the MIMO Radio Channel | p. 212 |
Evaluating Antenna Impact on the MTMO Channel | p. 217 |
A Crude Evaluation of the Impact of Antennas on MIMO Channel Capacity | p. 217 |
Advanced Techniques to Evaluate MIMO Antenna Performance | p. 219 |
Challenges in Compact MIMO Antenna Design and Examples | p. 221 |
Summary | p. 223 |
Antenna Fundamentals | p. 223 |
Designing Antenna Arrays | p. 223 |
Practical Antennas for MIMO | p. 223 |
MEMO in Current and Future Standards | p. 225 |
Wireless Channel Modelling in Standards | p. 225 |
Current Wireless Standards Employing MTMO and the Corresponding Channel Models | p. 228 |
IEEE 802.11n | p. 228 |
IEEE 802.16-WiMAX | p. 231 |
3GPP-LTE | p. 235 |
Comparison of the IEEE 802.11n, WiMAX and 3GPP Models | p. 238 |
MTMO in Other Areas | p. 240 |
MIMO for DVB-T2 | p. 240 |
MIMO in the HF Band | p. 241 |
MIMO for Satellite Communications | p. 242 |
Ultrawideband MIMO | p. 242 |
MIMO for On-body Communications | p. 243 |
MIMO for Vehicular Communications | p. 244 |
MIMO in Small Cellular Environments | p. 244 |
Concluding Remarks and Future Wireless Systems | p. 245 |
Appendix: Some Useful Definitions | p. 247 |
Bibliography | p. 251 |
Index | p. 257 |
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