The Sociology of Philosophies,9780674001879

The Sociology of Philosophies

by
ISBN13: 9780674001879
ISBN10: 0674001877
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2000-03-15
Publisher(s): Belknap Pr
List Price: $49.15

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Summary

Through network diagrams and sustained narrative, sociologist Randall Collins traces the development of philosophical thought from ancient Greece to modern Europe. Collins provides a self-reflexive sociological philosophy of intellectual life that opens a new path beyond relativism and realism. Illustrated.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction 1(18)
THE SKELETON OF THEORY
Coalitions in the Mind
19(35)
General Theory of Interaction Rituals
20(4)
The Interaction Rituals of Intellectuals
24(13)
The Opportunity Structure
37(9)
The Sociology of Thinking
46(8)
Networks across the Generations
54(26)
The Rarity of Major Creativity
54(4)
Who Will Be Remembered?
58(3)
What Do Minor Philosophers Do?
61(3)
The Structural Mold of Intellectual Life: Long-Term Chains in China and Greece
64(4)
The Importance of Personal Ties
68(6)
The Structural Crunch
74(6)
Partitioning Attention Space: The Case of Ancient Greece
80(57)
The Intellectual Law of Small Numbers
81(1)
The Forming of an Argumentative Network and the Launching of Greek Philosophy
82(7)
How Long Do Organized Schools Last?
89(8)
Small Numbers Crisis and the Creativity of the Post-Socratic Generation
97(6)
The Hellenistic Realignment of Positions
103(6)
The Roman Base and the Second Realignment
109(10)
The Stimulus of Religious Polarization
119(4)
The Showdown of Christianity versus the Pagan United Front
123(8)
Two Kinds of Creativity
131(6)
COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES
Part I: Asian Paths
Innovation by Opposition: Ancient China
137(40)
The Sequence of Oppositions in Ancient China
137(16)
Centralization in the Han Dynasty: The Forming of Official Confucianism and Its Opposition
153(5)
The Changing Landscape of External Supports
158(10)
The Gentry-Official Culture: The Pure Conversation Movement and the Dark Learning
168(6)
Class Culture and the Freezing of Creativity of Indigenous Chinese Philosophy
174(3)
External and Internal Politics of the Intellectual World: India
177(95)
Sociopolitical Bases of Religious Ascendancies
178(15)
Religious Bases of Philosophical Factions: Divisions and Recombination of Vedic Ritualists
193(2)
The Crowded Competition of the Sages
195(5)
Monastic Movements and the Ideal of Meditative Mysticism
200(8)
Anti-monastic Opposition and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture
208(5)
Partitioning the Intellectual Attention Space
213(11)
The Buddhist-Hindu Watershed
224(31)
The Post-Buddhist Resettlement of Intellectual Territories
255(13)
Scholasticism and Syncretism in the Decline of Hindu Philosophy
268(4)
Revolutions of the Organizational Base: Buddhist and Neo-Confucian China
272(50)
Buddhism and the Organizational Transformation of Medieval China
274(5)
Intellectual Foreign Relations of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism
279(2)
Creative Philosophies in Chinese Buddhism
281(9)
The Ch'an (Zen) Revolution
290(9)
The Neo-Confucian Revival
299(17)
The Weak Continuity of Chinese Metaphysics
316(6)
Innovation through Conservatism: Japan
322(65)
Japan as Transformer of Chinese Buddhism
326(15)
The Inflation of Zen Enlightenment and the Scholasticization of Koan
341(6)
Tokugawa as a Modernizing Society
347(14)
The Divergence of Secularist Naturalism and Neoconservatism
361(6)
Conservatism and Intellectual Creativity
367(2)
The Myth of the Opening of Japan
369(18)
Conclusions to Part I: The Ingredients of Intellectual Life
379(8)
COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES
Part II: Western Paths
Tensions of Indigenous and Imported Ideas: Islam, Judaism, Christendom
387(64)
Philosophy within a Religious Context
388(4)
The Muslim World: An Intellectual Community Anchored by a Politicized Religion
392(3)
Four Factions
395(12)
Realignment of Factions in the 900s
407(10)
The Culmination of the Philosophical Networks: Ibn Sina and al-Ghazali
417(6)
Routinization of Sufis and Scholastics
423(5)
Spain as the Hinge of Medieval Philosophy
428(18)
Coda: Are Idea Imports a Substitute for Creativity?
446(5)
Academic Expansion as a Two-Edged Sword: Medieval Christendom
451(72)
The Organizational Based of Christian Thought
455(8)
The Inner Autonomy of the University
463(22)
The Breakup of Theological Philosophy
485(12)
Intellectuals as Courtiers: The Humanists
497(4)
The Question of Intellectual Stagnation
501(20)
Coda: The Intellectual Demoralization of the Late Twentieth Century
521(2)
Cross-Breeding Networks and Rapid-Discovery Science
523(47)
A Cascade of Creative Circles
526(6)
Philosophical Connections of the Scientific Revolution
532(24)
Three Revolutions and Their Networks
556(1)
The Mathematicians
557(2)
The Scientific Revolution
559(3)
The Philosophical Revolution: Bacon and Descartes
562(8)
Secularization and Philosophical Meta-territoriality
570(48)
Secularization of the Intellectual Base
573(1)
Geopolitics and Cleavages within Catholicism
574(13)
Reemergence of the Metaphysical Field
587(2)
Jewish Millennialism and Spinoza's Religion of Reason
589(2)
Leibniz's Mathematical Metaphysics
591(3)
Rival Philosophies upon the Space of Religious Toleration
594(6)
Deism and the Independence of Value Theory
600(3)
The Reversal of Alliances
603(6)
Anti-modernist Modernism and the Anti-scientific Opposition
609(4)
The Triumph of Epistemology
613(5)
Intellectuals Take Control of Their Base: The German University Revolution
618(70)
The German Idealist Movement
622(16)
Philosophy Captures the University
638(12)
Idealism as Ideology of the University Revolution
650(11)
Political Crisis as the Outer Layer of Causality
661(2)
The Spread of the University Revolution
663(25)
The Post-revolutionary Condition: Boundaries as Philosophical Puzzles
688(66)
Meta-territories upon the Science-Philosophy Border
694(3)
The Social Invention of Higher Mathematics
697(12)
The Logicism of Wittgenstein
709(8)
The Vienna Circle as a Nexus of Struggles
717(14)
The Ordinary Language Reaction against Logical Formalism
731(3)
Wittgenstein's Tortured Path
734(3)
From Mathematical Foundations Crisis to Husserl's Phenomenology
737(6)
Heidegger: Catholic Anti-modernism Intersects the Phenomenological Movement
743(5)
Division of the Phenomenological Movement
748(3)
The Ideology of the Continental-Anglo Split
751(3)
Writers' Markets and Academic Networks: The French Connection
754(33)
The Secularization Struggle and French Popular Philosophy
757(7)
Existentialists as Literary-Academic Hybrids
764(18)
Envio: Into the Fog of the Present
782(5)
META-REFLECTIONS
Sequence and Branch in the Social Production of Ideas
787(71)
The Continuum of Abstraction and Reflexivity
787(13)
Three Pathways: Cosmological, Epistemological-Metaphysical, Mathematical
800(56)
The Future of Philosophy
856(2)
Epilogue: Social Realism 858(89)
The Sociological Cogito
858(4)
Mathematics as Communicative Operations
862(8)
The Objects of Rapid-Discovery Science
870(5)
Why Should Intellectual Networks Undermine Themselves?
875(8)
Appendices
1. The Clustering of Contemporaneous Creativity
883(7)
2. The Incompleteness of Our Historical Picture
890(3)
3. Keys to Figures
893(54)
Notes 947(88)
References 1035(34)
Index of Persons 1069(20)
Index of Subjects 1089

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